Which theory includes a model that asserts learning rules alone does not suffice for fluent output and emphasizes authentic acquisition?

Which theory includes a model that asserts learning rules alone does not suffice for fluent output and emphasizes authentic acquisition?

• A. Monitor model
• B. Acquisition-learning hypothesis
• C. Universal grammar
• D. Behaviorist model

Answer: (A)

This question targets Krashen’s Monitor Model. It holds that fluent output comes from language acquisition rather than simply learning grammar rules. In this view, there are two systems: the acquired system (implicit knowledge from meaningful communication) and the learned system (explicit grammar rules). The learned knowledge can function as a monitor to edit speech, but it does not by itself produce fluent language. Authentic acquisition—gaining language through meaningful, comprehensible input—drives real fluency, not rule-learning alone. So the description matches the Monitor Model, which emphasizes authentic acquisition as the path to fluent output.

This question targets Krashen’s Monitor Model. It holds that fluent output comes from language acquisition rather than simply learning grammar rules. In this view, there are two systems: the acquired system (implicit knowledge from meaningful communication) and the learned system (explicit grammar rules). The learned knowledge can function as a monitor to edit speech, but it does not by itself produce fluent language. Authentic acquisition—gaining language through meaningful, comprehensible input—drives real fluency, not rule-learning alone. So the description matches the Monitor Model, which emphasizes authentic acquisition as the path to fluent output.