Which court case established that ELL programs must meet three requirements?

Which court case established that ELL programs must meet three requirements?

• A. Castañeda v. Pickard
• B. Lau v. Nichols
• C. Brown v. Board of Education
• D. Plyler v. Doe

Answer: (A)

The question is about the court standard used to judge bilingual/ESL programs. Castañeda v. Pickard is the case that established a three-part framework for evaluating ELL programs: the program must be based on a sound educational theory, it must be implemented effectively with adequate resources and qualified personnel, and it must produce proven results showing that ELL students can meet challenging state standards. This makes it the best answer because it specifically sets out those three requirements that programs must meet to be considered acceptable under law. The other cases are important in the broader history of language rights and education, but they do not formalize this three-part test: Lau v. Nichols focuses on providing appropriate language support to ensure equal access; Brown v. Board of Education addresses desegregation; Plyler v. Doe protects the rights of undocumented students to education.

The question is about the court standard used to judge bilingual/ESL programs. Castañeda v. Pickard is the case that established a three-part framework for evaluating ELL programs: the program must be based on a sound educational theory, it must be implemented effectively with adequate resources and qualified personnel, and it must produce proven results showing that ELL students can meet challenging state standards. This makes it the best answer because it specifically sets out those three requirements that programs must meet to be considered acceptable under law. The other cases are important in the broader history of language rights and education, but they do not formalize this three-part test: Lau v. Nichols focuses on providing appropriate language support to ensure equal access; Brown v. Board of Education addresses desegregation; Plyler v. Doe protects the rights of undocumented students to education.