Which concept can be disrupted by cognitive interference and first-language transfer, affecting normal order?

Which concept can be disrupted by cognitive interference and first-language transfer, affecting normal order?

• A. Morpheme acquisition order
• B. Interlanguage
• C. Natural Order Hypothesis
• D. Monitor Model

Answer: (A)

Morpheme acquisition order refers to the typical sequence in which learners pick up English grammatical morphemes, such as -ing, plural -s, past tense -ed, and articles. In real learning, this order can be disrupted by cognitive interference—when mental resources like attention or working memory are overloaded, learners may rely on simpler forms or produce outputs that don’t follow the usual sequence—and by first-language transfer, where patterns from the native language steer how and when certain morphemes are used, shifting the expected timing of their appearance. Because these factors can alter the way and when morphemes emerge, this concept best explains the idea of a normal sequence being affected. The other ideas describe different aspects: interlanguage is the learner’s evolving system, the Natural Order Hypothesis posits a largely fixed, universal sequence, and the Monitor Model focuses on conscious rule application rather than the typical emergence order of morphemes.

Morpheme acquisition order refers to the typical sequence in which learners pick up English grammatical morphemes, such as -ing, plural -s, past tense -ed, and articles. In real learning, this order can be disrupted by cognitive interference—when mental resources like attention or working memory are overloaded, learners may rely on simpler forms or produce outputs that don’t follow the usual sequence—and by first-language transfer, where patterns from the native language steer how and when certain morphemes are used, shifting the expected timing of their appearance. Because these factors can alter the way and when morphemes emerge, this concept best explains the idea of a normal sequence being affected. The other ideas describe different aspects: interlanguage is the learner’s evolving system, the Natural Order Hypothesis posits a largely fixed, universal sequence, and the Monitor Model focuses on conscious rule application rather than the typical emergence order of morphemes.